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The only sure solution to preserve his position as the prince of the North would be to preemptively stop that. He would have been left with the earldom of Richmond and some castles confiscated from the de Vere and other former lancastrian pretenders (and also Scarobourgh). In other words, Richard could be stripped of the majority of his estates, leaving him in crippling debts and with a palatinate he would be unable to manage with reduced resources. The new king, Edward V, was the half-brother of the marquess of Dorset, who had the next heir of Salisbury as his ward (Richard's nephew, Edward Plantagenet, earl of Warwick). Richard had, by Parlementary rules, only a life property of those large domains.Īdd to that the frail nature of his lineage (he had only one son), and Richard was rightfully worried about his legacy, his place in English politics and the preservation of his estates.Ĭonsidering that his son would die in 1484 and his wife in 1485, a thing Richard didn't knew but could easily fear, an hostile monarch could easily strip him of the Neville estates (and the earldom of Salisbury). However, would George die without issue, the next heir would be lord Latimer, followed by other Nevilles. He was barred from any rights coming from his father. Richard obtained them through a special act of Parlement from his brother, mainly because the true heir, George Neville, had his father John Neville (the Kingmaker's brother) attainted. Those estates, with the famous castles of Baynard, Middleham and Sherriff Hutton made him paramount in Yorkshire but were legally speaking, entailed to the male line.
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This is emphasised both by his marriage to Anne Neville and the fact that he received the Neville's northern estates. Richard's strength in the North mainly come from his image of successor of the Kingmaker. This pretty much doomed his domination of the North in the long term. However, a devastating blow came with the death of Georges Neville in May 4th 1483, just weeks after his own brother's death. This was a safety against any court revolution and southern instability. He would be the mightiest magnate of the realm, with a de facto northern, autonomous principality. As a way to further sweeten the pot for Richard, Edward IV gave him as a principality any conquered Scottish land he might hold.įor Richard, it was a consecration of his political and military career. By one move, Edward IV rewarded his brother and left him to manage any future difficult situation against Scotland. Also, as palatine, Richard would be permanently entangled to a neighboring region of Scotland, thus primed to fight against it. And as the new palatine had to administrate the county, it might have been more costly than rewarding for Richard. Giving the palatinate was an immense reward that actually didn't cost him a dime in the short term. Edward IV lost the french pension at the beginning of the year, and he also had to pay his men fighting Scotland for two years. Richard, Duke of Gloucester received the sovereignty of the county from a (relatively) poor king. His takeover of the fortress of Berwick, lost some twenty years ago to the Scottish, was quite popular and the only ray of hope in an England suffering various international blows by France. Richard was capable, popular, and paramount to England's stability as his brother's lieutenant. He was with him against France in 1474 and spearheaded the fight against Scotland in 1480-1482. He supported him against Warwick in 1469 and the Lancastrian readeption in 1470-1471. It's worth pointing that Richard had constantly provided good and loyal service to his brother. Why did Edward IV renounce this extensive right to his brother? Every right that the crown had in the county was now his. He could name the sheriff, the escheator, and every royal officer there.
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This title offered him quasi-regal powers in the county. Indeed, he obtained the palatinate of Cumberland. In this year, Richard obtained something almost no magnates ever obtained. It was a rich year, which started just after the last Parlement of Edward IV's reign and ended with the execution of the duke of Buckingham. People recall 1483 as the year of the three kings: Richard III overthrow his nephew Edward V after the death of Edward IV.